Pdf medical importance of gallic acid and its ester. It reduces headache and beneficial in mental disorders. For most of the components, these rsd values for intraday studies were lower than 1%, which shows that the method was very precise in intraday studies, with the exception of gallic acid. Functionalproteinassisted fabrication of fegallic acid. Gallic acid has two functional groups in the same molecule, hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group. Gallic acid has diverse effects on various tumor types at different molecular levels. In addition to being toxic towards cancerous cells, gallic acid does not have any negative effects on healthy cells. Twenty micromolar of phenolic acid ga and pca solutions was prepared and their antioxidant properties determined.
It is widely present in the plant kingdom and represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites and hence natural antioxidants. Older reports from indian medical journals suggest jambul seed and bark can be beneficial in humans with diabetes 25. Gallic acid and its derivatives have a large number of applications in various fields of science. The solubility of gallic acid in ethanol and dmso is approximately 16 mgml and. Tannin solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. A number of medicinal properties have been ascribed to various parts of this highly esteemed plant table 1. Gallic acid, one of the components in many plant tissues. This study sought to investigate antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic acid ga and protocatechuic acids pcas based on their structurefunction relationship. The results showed high components of gallic acid and rutin in all extracts of c. Then, interaction of the phenolic acids with key enzymes linked to type. Acacia nilotica linn is a plant of multipurpose medicinal uses, three bioactive flavonoids methyl gallate, gallic acid and catechin were isolated from its fruit pulps through a bioassay guided. Gallic acid is also part of the structure of other, larger polyphenolic compounds, the molecules made. The gallic acid groups are usually bonded to form dimers such.
Determination of gallic acid and rutin in extracts cassia. Fepolyphenols coordination polymers have emerged as a versatile theranostic nanoplatform for biological applications owing to the appealing biocompatibility of precursors from nature. Medicinal and nutritional values of macrotyloma uniflorum lam. Background gallic acid is an organic acid, known as 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves and. In nature, these compounds are widely distributed in plants and fruits, and thus they are being used as food stuffs, preservatives, etc. Gallic acid is a natural phenolic compound found in several fruits and medicinal plants.
Gallic acid was found to possess antiinflammatory activity towards zymosaninduced acute food pad swelling in mice. Figure 2 shows the important uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives. Studies to determine its effectiveness for fever reduction, as a mosquito repellent, and to. Gallic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid ga is a natural botanic phenolic compound which can induce cell apoptosis in several types of cancers.
Gallic acid and its derivatives such as lauryl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, tetradecyl gallate, and hexadecyl gallate, can inhibit the oxidation and rancidity of oils and fats ascribed to their free radical scavenging and antioxidant nature. Tannin, also called tannic acid, any of a group of paleyellow to lightbrown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications. Gallic acid showed the selective cytotoxicity for cancerous cells and has very less toxicity for normal cells chia et al. Review article biological activities and medicinal. Antioxidative, tyrosinase inhibiting and antibacterial. Pdf gallic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in processed beverages such as red wines and green teas. Pdf gallic acid and its derivatives have a large number of applications in various fields of science. Gallic acid also known as 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. In this work, we measured tannase in aspergillus niger fermented tea leaves and confirmed the production of fungal tannase during puerh tea fermentation. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate punica granatum l. As such, the potential of gallic acid as a treatment for cancer is. It coagulates albumen and gelatin, while gallic acid does not. Gallic acid is a phytochemical found in many plant tissues, both as a free compound and as a component of the plant polymer tannin. Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5.
Tannic acid is the most powerful of the two as an astringent. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a standard for determining the phenol content a large group of several hundred chemical substances of various analytes by the. Jamun fruit seeds and pulp have been reported to serve various purposes in diabetic patients, such as lowering blood glucose levels. A pharmacological perspective global research online. To conclude, it is evident that gallic acid and its derivatives play a pivotal role in imparting medicinal properties of the plant and therefore it is considered as promising lead molecule for new drug development. Its supplements are available as capsules, ointments and liquid extracts, and have been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. Pdf pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases. This phenolic molecule is an antioxidant, and appears to have antimicrobial and anticancer activities in animal studies. High performance liquid chromatography and metabolomics. Skeels jambolan is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. Medicinal uses for gallic acid the gallic acid extracted from grape seeds has been shown to induce apoptosis or cell death in prostate and breast cancer cells. It is reported to have several healthpromoting effects. Academy of scientific and innovative research acsir, anusandhan bhawn, 2 rafi marg, new delhi 110 001, india. It contain high percentage of phenolic constituents consisting of mdigallic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic and ellagic acids, leucocyanidin, mdigallic dimer 3,4,5,7tetrahydroxy flavan3.
A patent was granted weetal, 1985b for the synthesis of propyl gallate using tannase immobilized on porous silica. Gallic acid h 3c oh oh oh oh oh oh oh o o o o o o ho ho l. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is found food composition. As the results of its antioxidant and free radical scavenging characteristics, the protective role of gallic acid in preventing various oxidative damage diseases has attracted great interests of the scientific community toward various application potentials in recent years. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an ec 1. Uses and facts it is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a standard for determining the phenol content a large group of several hundred chemical substances of various analytes by the folinciocalteau assay. Gallic acid is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, dmso, and dimethyl formamide dmf, which should be purged with an inert gas. Gallic acid, one of the components in many plant tissues, is a potential inhibitor for insulin amyloid fibril formation. Gallic acid and derivatives have shown not only the antitumoral properties highlighted here, but also their selective cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells with a higher activity than that shown against nontumoral cell lines. Phenolic extracts from various algerian plants as strong inhibitors of.
Besides the edible uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives as flavoring agents. Tannic acid is safe when used in the amounts found in foods. The anticancer activity of gallic acid was found to be dose dependent in both the cell lines. Standard curve of gallic acid results and discussion the amount of total phenol was determined with the folinciocalteu reagent. Results are expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent gae100g of leaves.
It is found both free and as part of hydrolyzable tannins. Gallic acid is present in green tea, fruits and vegetables faried, et. Its bioactive constituents include azadirachtin antimalarial, gedunin antimalarial, antifungal, nimbidin antiinflammatory, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antiulcerant. It is, however, converted into gallic acid in the stomach before absorption. Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is. Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester on methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus salha h. In the present study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effects of ga on human sclc h446 cells and its promotive effects on the anticancer activities of cisplatin. According to ancient texts, rudraksha has several types based on its structure. Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and. Besides the edible uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives as flavoring agents and preservatives in the food industry, there are diverse scientific reports on biological and pharmacological activities of these phytochemicals, with emphasis on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects 4. Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic and. Find out the uses, facts, chemical structure, health benefits, food sources, and possible side effects of gallic acid.
Gallic acid, chemical formula c6h2oh3co2h is an acid found in many plants and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect our cells against oxidative damage uses and facts. Its actions against cancer make this compound an important biomolecule for therapeutic uses. The gallic acid extracted from grape seeds has been shown to induce apoptosis or cell death in prostate and breast cancer cells. Owing to its wide range of applicability, it is extensively used in medicine. These ester derivatives, especially alkyl esters, demonstrated more favorable pharmacological properties, and in many cases these effects. Thus, it is imperative to promote more credible research on exploring medicinal properties of gallic acid and its congeners. The natural antioxidant gallic acid ga was isolated from fruits of a medicinal indonesian plant, phaleria macrocarpa scheff. Anticancer effects of gallic acid isolated from indonesian. Kaempherol o o ho ho oh oh o ho ho oh oh o o o oh oh oh o. Present study was undertaken to collect data on medicinal uses and. Decent amounts of calcium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin b1.
Pdf medical importance of gallic acid and its ester derivatives. The form and dosage depend on the age of the patient and condition being treated. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the gallic acid in the solvent of choice. Rutin ch 3 ch 3 h 3c h 3 c ch 3 ch ch 3 h 3c h o k. Therefore, they can be useful as additives in the food industry 4. Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases. Gallic acid definition of gallic acid by medical dictionary. According to others tannic acid is simply gallic acid anhydride, and the difference is one of hydration. Gallic acid is also used in the enzymatic synthesis of propyl gallate, which is mainly used an an antioxidant in fats and oils, as well as in beverages weetal, 1985a.
Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total. A decrease in catechin and theaflavin gallates and a significant increase in ga. Azadirachta indica neem is a higly regarded tree in india for its potent medicinal properties, neem got its distinction of sarva roga nivarini one that could cure all ailments and ills during ancient times. However, tannic acid seems unsafe when applied to the skin to treat diaper rash, prickly heat, and minor burn or sunburn. Rudraksha provides strength to the body and helps as adjuvants in various diseases to reduce debility due to them. Incorporating bioactive molecules with fepolyphenols coordination polymers is greatly significant to take full advantages of their superiorities for advanced application. G allic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid, c 6 h 2 oh 3 cooh is obtained from nutgalls and other plants or by the hydrolysis of tannic acid with sulfuric acid. Gallic acid is an organic acid found in foods such as blueberries, apples, flaxseeds, tea leaves, oak bark, walnuts and watercress. When rsd values for interday studies were investigated, it was seen that rsd values for gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin were out of the limits. The structure was identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with authentic compound. Gallic acid, chemical formula c6h2oh3co2h is an acid found in many plants and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect our cells against oxidative damage.
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